We are in the coldest season of the year, and during winter, there is usually an increase in the number of allergic and infectious diseases transmitted by viruses and bacteria.
This increase occurs mainly because we spend more time indoors, with little or no ventilation. In addition, the mucous membranes of our respiratory system tend to become irritated due to the dry weather.
Some of the most common winter illnesses:
Colds and Flu: Flu is caused by the influenza virus and causes symptoms such as sore throat, muscle aches, fever, runny nose, and nasal discharge. These symptoms usually last 5 to 7 days. In the case of a cold, the symptoms are milder and last an average of 3 to 5 days.
In both cases, there is no specific treatment, so people with a cold or flu are advised to rest and use painkillers to relieve discomfort and decongestants to clear the airways.
Allergic Rhinitis: This occurs when the mucous membrane lining the nose becomes inflamed due to an allergic reaction. The main symptoms include sneezing, a runny nose, and an itchy nose. Symptoms may be temporary or last for several days.
The substances responsible for allergic reactions vary from person to person. Because it is a chronic condition, allergic rhinitis has no cure, but treatments are available to help control the symptoms.
Sinusitis: Sinusitis is also an inflammation, but in addition to affecting the mucous membrane, it affects the sinuses (structures located around the nose). It usually causes symptoms such as facial pain, headaches, and nasal discharge. Its treatment is generally similar to the recommendations for allergic rhinitis.
How to prevent these illnesses:
- Avoid enclosed spaces and always choose well-ventilated and airy environments;
- Wash your hands frequently, especially after visiting public places;
- Maintain a healthy diet rich in nutrients, antioxidants, and minerals;
- Avoid close contact with other people when you have a cold, especially older adults and newborns.
In addition to these simple habits, annual flu vaccination is recommended. Vaccination is essential for people at greater risk of developing complications from the flu, such as viral pneumonia.
